Problem tree

The problem tree is a core tool in the Logical Framework Approach.

Purpose: Identify the main problems and establish the cause and effect relationships between these problems (so that these are sufficiently addressed in a project design).

Perform this exercise with a group of different stakeholders.

• Brainstorm all problems in the situation and put each on a card
• Identify a common agreed the core problem (linked to most other problems), and write a precise definition on a card.
• Divide the other cards into causes and effects of the core problem; put then respectively below and above the core problem. Some cards may also turn out to be overall constraints (move to the side of the core problem).
• Try to find all cause and effect relations and move the cards accordingly. There can be more causes to one effect or more effects to one cause.
• Review the result, check the logic and revise if necessary
• Draw vertical links to show cause-effect relationships, and horizontal links to show joint causes and combined effects.
• Copy the diagram on a sheet of paper

(source: AusGUIDElines on LFA, 2000)

The problem tree can easily be 'inverted' in an objectives tree.